The Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is one of the conceptual models used in advanced nursing practice. It focuses on the ability of individual to do self-care activities that help them maintain their overall health and wellness (Tanaka, 2022). The theory was developed by Dorothea Orem who was making effort in enhancing the quality of nursing in various hospitals in her community. The theory is important in nursing practice and can be applied to improve and guide the practice. The model assumes that people should be responsible and self-reliant and take care of people in their family. Another assumption is that dependent and self-care are behaviours that are learned. Also, the theory assumes that people are distinct in nature and their knowledge about potential health problems is required in enhancing self-care behaviours. The model can be used to determine self-care deficits in patients that impacts their health and wellness and defining the roles of patients and healthcare professionals to meet self-care management. The model is beneficial to nursing practice in promotion of independence in management of various diseases and health challenges.
The Roy’s Adaptation Model was developed by Callista Roy with a goal of promoting adaptation in the nursing profession. Factors that influenced development of this model include religious background, education, family, clinical experience and mentors (Callis, 2020). The model explains that adaptation takes place when individuals have a positive response to environmental changes. The key components of the model are the four nursing metaparadigms which are person, health, nursing and environment. The Adaptation Model incorporates the nursing process which can be applied in advanced nursing practice. The model can be applied in advanced nursing practice to assess the responses of patients to various health conditions and establishing evidence-based interventions to promote adaptation.
Thirdly, the Neuman’s Systems Model provides a system-based and holistic nursing approach. It focuses on the response of patients to the actual and potential stressors in their environment. It supports the use of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention interventions for maintenance, prevention and management of various health conditions. It also considers the four nursing metaparadigms in patient care to promote overall, health and wellness. Human beings interact with their environment which determines how they maintain stability. The Neuman’s Systems Model can be used in nursing practice to perform holistic assessment and establish interventions that can be used to address environmental and individual factors that affect health.
Lastly, the Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory is a conceptual model used in nursing practice. It focuses on the relationship on patients and nurse and its impact to the health of patients (Yang, et al., 2022). The model can be applied in nursing practice to enhance communication among patients and nurses and facilitate healthy patient interactions to promote their health and well-being.
Callis, A. M. B. (2020). Application of the Roy Adaptation Theory to a care program for nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 56, 151340.
Tanaka, M. (2022, May). Orem’s nursing self‐care deficit theory: A theoretical analysis focusing on its philosophical and sociological foundation. In Nursing forum (Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 480-485).
Yang, X. H., Wu, L. F., Yan, X. Y., Zhou, Y., & Liu, X. (2022). Peplau’s interpersonal relationship theory combined with bladder function training on patients with prostate cancer. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10(9), 2792.
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